中国贝类染色体研究现状与进展

对我国已报道的81种贝类染色体研究进行了综述,并结合贝类分子系统进化研究成果,探讨了我国贝类染色体数目与染色体组成的进化趋势。     

利用InDel标记鉴定水稻籼粳交衍生株系的籼粳属性

通过籼粳杂交培育了9个水稻品系,进行形态指数法和分子标记法籼粳属性鉴定.结果表明,GY908、GY1128、GY1124和GY2888属籼稻类型,GY926和GY2750属偏籼类型,GY726、GY770、GY1134属偏粳类型,与分子标记的遗传距离聚类分析结果一致.说明通过籼粳渐渗手段,培育中间型水稻品系,对丰富水稻新材料的遗传背景具有重要意义.     

氯酸钾促龙眼成花机理的研究进展

“KClO3-longan model system”除了具有生产应用上的意义,更具有重要的科研潜力和科研价值.对氯酸钾促龙眼成花的植物生理学及分子生物学机理研究进行简介.     

金鱼头瘤形成相关基因差减文库的构建与分析

采用差减抑制杂交技术(SSH)以1龄红狮头金鱼(Carassius auratus)的头瘤组织为检测子(Tester),40日龄红狮头金鱼幼鱼的头顶上皮组织为驱动子(Driver),构建金鱼头瘤相关基因的差减cDNA文库。以鲫管家基因α-tubilin为参照检测差减效率,结果表明该文库差减效率达210倍,效率较高。随机挑选阳性克隆进行接头特异引物的PCR检测,结果表明插入片段均在0.1~2.0kb之间。利用斑点杂交对PCR检测结果为单一条带的阳性克隆进行筛选并测序,获得高差异性的有效序列93条。通过生物信息学方法对文库序列进行比对、分类和注释,发现若干结缔形成基因和原癌/抑癌基因等与金鱼头瘤形成相关的功能基因,表明cDNA文库构建成功。     

Identification of a telomere sequence type in three sponge species (Porifera) by fluorescence <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> hybridization analysis

The telomere sequence type (TTAGGG)_n is known to be distributed in various phyla in the Animalia and in Mastigophora (Protista). However, the telomere type of Porifera (sponges), a phylum comprising the lowest multicellular animals, has not been reported. In this study, we examined the three sponge species Leucetta chagosensis, Halichondria japonica, and Halichondria panicea for the presence of the telomere type (TTAGGG)_n by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The oligonucleotide probe (TTAGGG)₇ clearly displayed signals on the interphase nuclei of all three sponges. In contrast, the (TTAGG)₇ probe, which has one base fewer than (TTAGGG)₇, did not display the signals. These results suggest that the telomeres of the three sponges consist of (TTAGGG)_n, which is identical to the sequence type found in many higher multicellular animals and in Mastigophora. Additionally, this is the first study to reveal a telomere sequence type for Porifera. Moreover, these results suggest that Porifera are phylogenetically related to Mastigophora, and supports the general theory that Porifera evolved from Mastigophora. Further, this study strongly suggests that the origin of the (TTAGGG)_n telomere sequence is to be found in a common ancestor of either the Bilateria and Porifera, or the Protista.     

干旱胁迫下新源1号新疆野苹果抑制性差减文库的构建与初步分析

为分离和鉴定新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii Roem.)根组织干旱胁迫条件下差异表达的基因,以苗龄为3个月的新源1号新疆野苹果水培苗为材料,应用20%PEG 6000溶液处理模拟干旱胁迫,利用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)的方法构建了新疆野苹果根组织干旱胁迫诱导表达差减文库(正库)和抑制表达差减文库(反库).正库和反库随机各挑菌500个,菌落PCR显示插入片段在250~1000 bp之间.测序鉴定后共得到268个有效UniESTs.经Blastx和Blastn等生物信息学方法分析表明全部的UniESTs按可能的生物学功能可被分为16个大类,包括新陈代谢、能量、转录、蛋白质合成、蛋白质修饰降解、DNA加工、细胞信号转导等.     

Hybridizing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica rapa</Emphasis> with wild crucifers <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diplotaxis erucoides</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica maurorum</Emphasis>

Two wide hybrids, Diplotaxis erucoides (2n = 14) × Brassica rapa (2n = 20) and B. maurorum (2n = 20) × B. rapa, were developed using the sequential ovary–ovule culture. Reciprocal crosses failed, possibly as a consequence of strong unilateral incompatibility. The F ₁ hybrids in each combination were completely male sterile and morphologically intermediate to the respective parents. DNA marker polymorphism and chromosome counts confirmed their hybrid nature. High frequency of bivalents in the F ₁ and the presence of trivalents/quadrivalents in the derived amphiploids suggested genomic duplications and homoeology of the parental genomes. Up to three homoeologous pairs between the D. erucoides (D^eD^e) and B. rapa (AA) genomes, and one between B. maurorum (B^mB^m) and B. rapa genomes were observed. Successful synthesis of the F ₁ hybrids and amphiploids of B. rapa with D. erucoides and B. maurorum, and allosyndetic chromosome pairing are expected to permit introgressions of desirable loci into the cultivated Brassica germplasm, especially for resistance to Alternaria brassicae and Albugo candida.     

地高辛标记核酸探针的标记方法及其在食用菌研究领域的应用

综述了非放射性地高辛（DIG）标记系统的原理和主要特点，介绍了地高辛标记核酸探针的主要标记方法，影响探针标记方法选择的因素，标记探针的显色检测方法及其在食用菌研究领域的应用。     

基因芯片技术检测5种马病毒

通过分子克隆技术获得马疱疹病毒1型(Equineherpesvirus1,EHV1)、马动脉炎病毒(Equinearteritisvirus,EAV)、马流感病毒(Equineinfluenzavirus,EIV)、马传染性贫血病毒(Equineinfectiousanaemiavirus,EIAV)和东部马脑脊髓炎病毒(East-ernequineencephalomyelitisvirus,EEEV)等5种病毒各一段高度保守的特异性基因片段,用芯片点样仪逐点分配到处理过的玻片上,制备成检测芯片。提取样品中的RNA,进行反转录和荧光标记后滴加到芯片上进行特异性杂交,对杂交结果进行扫描检测和计算机软件分析。结果显示,制备的基因芯片可同时检测和鉴别上述5种病毒,可检测到阳性杂交信号的最高稀释度为10-6的病毒液,约25个病毒DNA拷贝,但其它病毒材料未见红色荧光信号,证明了本方法的特异性。在进口马的隔离检疫期间,采集马鼻肺炎、马动脉炎中和抗体阳性但病毒分离阴性马匹的白细胞悬液,分别在EHV1和EAV位点处可检测到阳性杂交信号。证明基因芯片技术不但快速、准确和敏感,而且可同时进行多种病毒的检测。